煤矿三维地震勘探技术发展趋势     

杨德义  赵镨  王慧 《中国煤炭地质》2011,(6):42-47,55

我国煤田三维地震勘探经过20余年的发展,已成为当前煤田地质勘探的主流技术,随着煤矿采掘现代化及安全保障系统对勘探精度要求的提高,三维地震勘探技术也须与之相适应,不断地探索与发展。参考近年来相关研究成果与勘探实例,对可在煤田地质勘探中大面积推广应用的三维地震勘探技术进行了介绍,其中包括：高密度空间采样、数字检波器、高精度静校正技术、叠前时间（深度）偏移技术、分频解释技术、波阻抗反演技术、相干体技术,同时也简要介绍了在煤田勘探方面有发展前景的多分量及各向异性技术。  相似文献   

软土地下工程抗震数值模拟的若干关键问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈之毅  沈昊 《上海国土资源》2011,32(4):83-87

针对我国地下工程建设项目抗震安全性能设计和评估的需求,并基于目前缺少完善的地下结构抗震分析方法和专门的地下结构抗震设计规范的现状,重点阐述了采用有限元方法进行地下工程数值模拟和分析时需要特别关注的三方面问题：计算范围、土一结构动力相互作用和边界条件。着重分析了有限元网格的划分、土一结非线性接触问题和不同边界条件的适用性,以及这些建模条件对计算结果可靠性的影响。对基于数值手段开展地下工程抗震安全性能的计算、分析和评价,制定地下结构抗震设计规范或规程,可提供有益参考。  相似文献   

Dynamic factor analysis considering elastic boom effects in heavy lifting operations     

Kwang-Phil Park  Ju-Hwan Cha  Kyu-Yeul Lee 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(10):1100-1113

The dynamic factor is the ratio of the maximum dynamic load to the static load acting on the wire ropes between the boom of a floating crane and a cargo. In this paper, the dynamic factor is analyzed based on dynamic simulations of a floating crane and a cargo, considering an elastic boom. For the simulation, we designed a multibody system that consists of a floating crane barge, an elastic boom, and a cargo connected to the boom through wire ropes. The dynamic equations of motion of the system are based on flexible multibody system dynamics. Six-degree-of-freedom motions are considered for the floating crane and for the cargo, and three-dimensional deformations for the elastic boom. The hydrostatic force, the hydrodynamic force, the gravitational force, and the wire rope forces are considered as external forces. The dynamic factor is obtained by numerically solving the equation. The effects of the elastic boom on heavy cargo lifting are discussed by comparing the simulation results of an elastic boom and a rigid boom.  相似文献   

Model tree approach for prediction of pile groups scour due to waves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Etemad-Shahidi  N. Ghaemi 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(13):1522-1527

Scour around piles could endanger the stability of the structures placed on them. Hence, an accurate estimation of the scour depth around piles is very important in coastal and marine engineering. Due to the complex interaction between the wave, seabed and pile group; prediction of the scour depth is not an easy task and the available empirical formulas have limited accuracy. Recently, soft computing methods such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have been used for the prediction of the scour depth. However, these methods do not give enough insight about the process and are not as easy to use as the empirical equations. In this study, new formulas are given that are easy to use, accurate and physically sound. Available empirical equations for estimating the pile group scour depth such as those of Sumer et al. (1992) and Bayram and Larson (2000), are less accurate compared to the given equations. These equations are as accurate as other soft computing methods such as ANN and SVM. Moreover, in this study, safety factors are given for different levels of acceptable risks, which can be so useful for engineers.  相似文献   

Characterisation and preliminary quantification of the methane reservoir in a coastal sedimentary source: San Simón Bay,Ría de Vigo,NW Spain     

S. García-Gil  E. de Blas  N. Martínez-Carreño  J. Iglesias  R. Rial-Otero  J. Simal-Gándara  A.G. Judd 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Ría de Vigo is a river valley flooded by the sea, with a bay (San Simón Bay) at its innermost part. The accumulation of Holocene sediment in San Simón Bay has been studied by the integration of 1) large scale high resolution seismic data, and 2) detailed geochemical analysis of a gravity core. In San Simón Bay the majority of the seismic records are obscured by acoustic turbidity which represents gassy sediments, but on records from Rande Strait it is possible to distinguish two Quaternary seismic sequences; an Upper Pleistocene sequence (SQ1) and a Holocene sequence (SQ2). Only SQ2 is recognized in San Simón Bay where it is comprised of two seismic units; the upper unit represents the HST sediment, i.e. the period of highest sea level. A gravity core taken within the gassy zone at 10 m water depth provided 3.55 m of fine-grained sediments (muds) from the youngest seismic unit (4 m thick). Geochemical analysis show high values (4 to 10%) of TOC. Sediment and porewater analyses indicate a distinct sulphate–methane transition zone (SMTZ) between 60 and 80 cm where sulphate is depleted (to <1.7 mM) and methane increases (to >0.4 mM). The top of the acoustic turbidity (the gas front) at 80 cm corresponds to the lower limit of the SMTZ. The methane cannot have been derived from the underlying metamorphic and granitic rocks, but was probably derived by microbial degradation of the organic matter in the Holocene sediments. We estimate that the sediments of the Bay contain approximately 1.8 × 10⁶ m³ of organic carbon and 275 ton of methane.  相似文献   

Evaluation of wave impact loads on caisson breakwaters based on joint probability of impact maxima and rise times     

Giovanni Cuomo  Rodolfo Piscopia  William Allsop 《Coastal Engineering》2011

When waves break against seawalls, vertical breakwaters, piers or jetties, they abruptly transfer their momentum into the structure. This energy transfer is always spectacular and perpetually unrepeatable but can also be very violent and affect the stability and the integrity of coastal structures. Over the last 15 years, increasing awareness of wave-impact induced structural failures of maritime structures has emphasised the need for a more complete approach to dynamic responses, including effects of impulsive loads. At the same time, movement of design standards toward probabilistic approaches requires new statistical tools able to account for uncertainties in the variability of wave loading processes. This paper presents a new approach to the definition of loads for use in performance design of vertical coastal structures subject to breaking wave impacts.  相似文献   

Structural-stratigraphic control on the Umitaka Spur gas hydrates of Joetsu Basin in the eastern margin of Japan Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Antonio Fernando Menezes Freire  Ryo Matsumoto  Luiz Alberto Santos 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(10):1967-1978

Integrated geological, geochemical, and geophysical exploration since 2004 has identified massive accumulation of gas hydrate associated with active methane seeps on the Umitaka Spur, located in the Joetsu Basin on the eastern margin of Japan Sea. Umitaka Spur is an asymmetric anticline formed along an incipient subduction zone that extends throughout the western side of the Japanese island-arc system. Seismic surveys recognized chimney structures that seem strongly controlled by a complex anticlinal axial fault system, and exhibit high seismic amplitudes with apparent pull-up structures, probably due to massive and dense accumulation of gas hydrate. Bottom simulating reflectors are widely developed, in particular within gas chimneys and in the gently dipping eastern flank of the anticline, where debris can store gas hydrates that may represent a potential natural gas resource. The axial fault system, the shape of the anticline, and the carrier beds induce thermogenic gas migration to the top of the structure, and supply gas to the gas hydrate stability zone. Gas reaching the seafloor produces strong seepages and giant plumes in the sea water column.  相似文献   

Structural controls on Quaternary deepwater sedimentation, mud diapirism, and hydrocarbon distribution within the actively evolving Columbus foreland basin, eastern offshore Trinidad     

Emilio Garciacaro  Alejandro Escalona  Paul Mann 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(1):149-176

Eastward migration of the Caribbean plate relative to the South American plate has caused lithospheric loading along the northern margin of South America, which is recorded by an 1100-km-long foreland basin which is oldest in the west (Maracaibo basin, 65-55 Ma) and youngest in the east (Columbus basin, eastern offshore Trinidad, 15-0 Ma). The Orinoco River has been the primary source of sediment for the basin since early Miocene. We have integrated approximately 775 km of deep-penetration 2D seismic lines acquired in the area of eastern offshore Trinidad as part of the 2004 “Broadband Ocean-Land Investigations of Venezuela and the Antilles arc Region” (BOLIVAR) project, 8000 km² of shallow industry 3D seismic data, and published industry well data from offshore eastern Trinidad. Active mud diapirism in the Columbus basin is widespread and is related to overthrusting and tectono-sedimentary loading of upper Miocene-lower Pliocene age mud. Analysis of the shallow 3D seismic data reveals the presence of extensive gravity-flow depositional elements on the Columbus basin slope and the deepwater area. These stacked gravity-flow deposits are characterized by mass-transport deposits at the base, turbidite frontal-splay deposits, leveed-channel deposits, and capped by fine-grained condensed-section deposits. Exploration targets in the deepwater area are located towards the center of the Columbus basin, where northeast-trending fault-propagation folds are important Plio-Pleistocene trap-forming elements. Deep basin wells drilled in recent years have proven that turbidites were transported into the deepwater Columbus basin during the Plio-Pleistocene. Analysis of these well results suggests that a deeper oil charge is present within the deepwater Columbus basin area. The primary uncertainty for this variable hydrocarbon system is whether fault or diapiric pathways connect or divert the petroleum charge at depth with shallower reservoir rocks.  相似文献   

Overview of the subsurface structural pattern of the Paris Basin (France): Insights from the reprocessing and interpretation of regional seismic lines     

Laurent Beccaletto  Olivier Serrano Stéphane Marc 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(4):861-879

The study presents the methodology used by the French Geological Survey (BRGM) for the building, reprocessing and interpretation of selected regional seismic lines in the Paris intracratonic basin (France): the 14 constructed E-W and N-S regional transects represent a total of 2,516 km length, and are based on the merge of 240 seismic single profiles recorded by petroleum operators between 1971 and 1995. The regional lines have been selected to cross the main oil fields of the Paris Basin, as well as high potential areas for oil exploration. A first difficulty was to recover the raw data necessary to build-up the regional transects. The signal reprocessing, harmonization and merge of the single seismic lines, constituent of the regional transects, are then described; these operations represent the cornerstone of the study. We put the emphasis on the primary static corrections, as the targeted structures are commonly spatially associated with large seismic velocity variations in the upper Cretaceous chalk and Tertiary sedimentary cover.The interpreted regional transects definitely give complementary information to the existing studies, which generally lack seismic (and therefore structural) data: we give an overview of the main structural and geometrical features of the Paris Basin: inversion structures, major unconformities, as well as Permo-Carboniferous basins. We also describe the structural pattern, and show the close relationships between the faults geometry, the faults density, and the geological evolution of the Paris Basin: we distinguish (1) few large-scale polyphase faults, with a Variscan origin, representing the first order structural frame of the Paris Basin; (2) monophase normal faults, with strike-slip features, representing the subsurface prolongation of Cenozoic grabens cropping out in the neighbourhood; (3) deep normal faults, sealed by the base Calcareous Dogger sequence, related to the Permo-Liassic extensional tectonic regime. This large-scale view of the Paris Basin has highlighted several potential exploration targets.  相似文献   

深海下储油器系统的压力补偿动态特性研究     

曹学鹏  张翠红  邓斌  谢强  荣一辚 《海洋技术学报》2011,30(1)

对深海3 000m液压源储油器,采用兼具压力补偿和体积补偿的胶囊作为其压力补偿器.针对动态运行时可能存在的补偿量不足的问题,提出了储油器系统不失稳时的压力动态补偿设计准则,然后择选一组优化参数设计出储油器系统样机,分别完成在模拟执行元件和环境压力变化时的高压舱下的实验测试,结果表明在两种变工况下储油器内压力均能很好地跟随环境压力的变化,验证了该结构及其设计准则是合理的,为水下液压源储油器系统的压力自平衡设计及可靠运行提供了相应的理论依据和技术支撑.  相似文献